April 4-6, 2024 • Hyatt Regency • Lexington, KY
Innovations in Health Communication
Innovations in Health Communication
Abstract: Testing the Effect of Culturally Targeted, Normative Messaging on Black Women’s Intentions to Participate in a Clinical Trial
Despite increasing disease incidence and remarkably high mortality rates, Black women are underrepresented in breast cancer clinical trials, likely limiting the generalizability of breast cancer research findings to Black patients. Evidence demonstrates that the breast cancer research community could exert more effort to ensure the recruitment of Black women into clinical trials. Although Black and white women have similar breast cancer incidence rates, Black women are 40% more likely than all other races and ethnicities to die of the disease. Clear disparities exist even after controlling for socioeconomic inequalities. Black participation in clinical trials has been declining, which is particularly unfortunate given the increasing health problem of a lack of Black representation in medical research. Successfully swelling the percentages of Black women who participate in breast cancer research is important and likely reliant on increasing group members’ motivations to surmount existing historical, cultural, and social barriers.
Guided by normative and cultural theoretical frameworks, this study examined the effects of culturally informed messaging on Black women’s intention to participate in a unique breast cancer clinical trial.
Six hundred thirty-five Black women aged 18 and over were recruited through Qualtrics to participate in an online, posttest only, control-group design message testing study using random assignment to condition (the control or one of four injunctive-, descriptive-, and/or legacy norm-focused messages). They answered survey questions designed to measure the messages’ effects on the women’s intention to participate in the clinical trial.
The study employed univariate and multivariate logistic regression and yielded statistically nonsignificant results; however, the findings trended overall toward having higher probability of intending to perform the behavior (overall intention M = 3.35). All conditions had means higher than three (out of a five-point scale) and the relatively high resulting intention outcome variables were promising. Important knowledge was gained from this study showing that dissemination of culturally targeted, norms-based messaging to Black women could elicit positive intentions in their willingness to donate healthy breast tissue.
The most important implication is that the letter piloted here could be successful in laying groundwork for employing other strategies. Combining culturally targeted, norms-based messaging with interpersonal, face-to-face interaction could elicit positive intentions in Black women’s willingness to participate in a breast cancer clinical trial.
Additional implications include the importance of overlaying cultural factors onto normative theories, and that Black women need to better understand that clinical trial participation is something in which they and others like them have interest and—despite other research that implies otherwise—really want to do, particularly after having been comprehensively informed. Given that previous successful recruitment methods to this clinical trial for this population were grounded in research practices involving face-to-face, interpersonal interactions, future research should consider employing a multi-level approach in further testing of these messages.
Guided by normative and cultural theoretical frameworks, this study examined the effects of culturally informed messaging on Black women’s intention to participate in a unique breast cancer clinical trial.
Six hundred thirty-five Black women aged 18 and over were recruited through Qualtrics to participate in an online, posttest only, control-group design message testing study using random assignment to condition (the control or one of four injunctive-, descriptive-, and/or legacy norm-focused messages). They answered survey questions designed to measure the messages’ effects on the women’s intention to participate in the clinical trial.
The study employed univariate and multivariate logistic regression and yielded statistically nonsignificant results; however, the findings trended overall toward having higher probability of intending to perform the behavior (overall intention M = 3.35). All conditions had means higher than three (out of a five-point scale) and the relatively high resulting intention outcome variables were promising. Important knowledge was gained from this study showing that dissemination of culturally targeted, norms-based messaging to Black women could elicit positive intentions in their willingness to donate healthy breast tissue.
The most important implication is that the letter piloted here could be successful in laying groundwork for employing other strategies. Combining culturally targeted, norms-based messaging with interpersonal, face-to-face interaction could elicit positive intentions in Black women’s willingness to participate in a breast cancer clinical trial.
Additional implications include the importance of overlaying cultural factors onto normative theories, and that Black women need to better understand that clinical trial participation is something in which they and others like them have interest and—despite other research that implies otherwise—really want to do, particularly after having been comprehensively informed. Given that previous successful recruitment methods to this clinical trial for this population were grounded in research practices involving face-to-face, interpersonal interactions, future research should consider employing a multi-level approach in further testing of these messages.